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Second-order thinking

Ask "and then what?": follow a decision past its first effect to the ones that come after.

Our reading of the idea · 6 claims from 4 people, in their own words

Second-order thinking is more deliberate than first-order thinking: it considers interactions and time, and asks "And then what?"

  1. Shane Parrish Founder of Farnam Street (fs.blog) and host of The Knowledge Project podcast Second-order thinking is more deliberate. It is thinking in terms of interactions and time, understanding that despite our intentions our interventions often cause harm. Second order thinkers ask themselves the question “And then what?” Second-Order Thinking: What Smart People Use to Outperformfs.blog · 12 Apr 2016All korrents from this piece
    Second-order thinking is more deliberate. It is thinking in terms of interactions and time, understanding that despite our intentions our interventions often cause harm. Second order thinkers ask themselves the question “And then what?”

A choice with no immediate payoff is not necessarily a poor one: many extraordinary things come from what is first-order negative and second-order positive.

  1. Shane Parrish Founder of Farnam Street (fs.blog) and host of The Knowledge Project podcast A lot of extraordinary things in life are the result of things that are first-order negative, second order positive. So just because things look like they have no immediate payoff, doesn’t mean that’s the case. Second-Order Thinking: What Smart People Use to Outperformfs.blog · 12 Apr 2016All korrents from this piece
    A lot of extraordinary things in life are the result of things that are first-order negative, second order positive. So just because things look like they have no immediate payoff, doesn’t mean that’s the case.

Second-order thinking takes a lot of work, because it means thinking in terms of systems, interactions and time.

  1. Shane Parrish Founder of Farnam Street (fs.blog) and host of The Knowledge Project podcast Second-order thinking takes a lot of work. It’s not easy to think in terms of systems, interactions, and time. Second-Order Thinking: What Smart People Use to Outperformfs.blog · 12 Apr 2016All korrents from this piece
    Second-order thinking takes a lot of work. It’s not easy to think in terms of systems, interactions, and time.

Optimising a single metric is a trap, because the second-order consequences of the change only surface much later.

  1. Bill Gurley General partner at Benchmark Capital for over two decades you got to be really conscious of the consequence and not get too deterministic about a single metric or a single variable and know what's important and what's on top. Mental Models That Change How You Think | Bill Gurleyyoutube.com · 9 Jun 2026 · 0:01:49 into the videoAll korrents from this video
    you got to be really conscious of the consequence and not get too deterministic about a single metric or a single variable and know what's important and what's on top.

    Watch from 0:01:49 plays here

    ↗Mental Models That Change How You Think | Bill Gurleyyoutube.com

    9 Jun 2026 · video · 1h 01m · spoken · machine transcript

Nearly every widely distributed technology produces negative second-order effects.

  1. Justin Jackson Canadian bootstrapper and writer on small software businesses There will be negative second-order effects of almost every widely distributed technology. What has technology done to us?justinjackson.ca · 19 Apr 2026All korrents from this piece
    There will be negative second-order effects of almost every widely distributed technology.

Many small steps toward disaster can carry a person too far to avoid it, because each step presents so little contrast with the present position

  1. Charlie Munger Warren Buffett's business partner and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway When a man’s steps are consecutively taken toward disaster, with each step being very small, the brain’s Contrast-Misreaction Tendency will often let the man go too far toward disaster to be able to avoid it. This happens because each step presents so small a contrast from his present position. The Psychology of Human Misjudgment (revised text, 2005)fs.blog · c. 2005All korrents from this piece
    When a man’s steps are consecutively taken toward disaster, with each step being very small, the brain’s Contrast-Misreaction Tendency will often let the man go too far toward disaster to be able to avoid it. This happens because each step presents so small a contrast from his present position.

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