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Active ingredients, not brands

What makes a treatment work is the process it sets in motion and the person delivering it, not the name on the box. Compare the mechanism and the practitioner, not the brand.

Our reading of the idea · 7 claims from 3 people, in their own words

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Protocol differences and therapy brands matter less than people think.

  1. Steven C. Hayes Clinical psychologist and Foundation Professor… That’s why protocol differences and therapy brands often matter less than we think. What Actually Works in Therapy (And What Doesn't)stevenchayes.com · 22 Sept 2025
    That’s why protocol differences and therapy brands often matter less than we think.

All therapies that work do so by promoting the same few skills: openness, awareness and engagement.

  1. Steven C. Hayes Clinical psychologist and Foundation Professor… All therapies that work promote these skills – that’s why they work. What Actually Works in Therapy (And What Doesn't)stevenchayes.com · 22 Sept 2025
    All therapies that work promote these skills – that’s why they work.

"Evidence-based therapy" is a branding term rather than a scientific one, and in practice it is a code word for "not psychodynamic".

What counts as evidence

  1. Jonathan Shedler Clinical psychologist and clinical professor of psychiatry at UCSF The term "evidence-based therapy" is also, de facto, a code word for "not psychodynamic." Evidence-Based Therapy: Science or Marketing?psychologytoday.com · 2 Oct 2013
    The term "evidence-based therapy" is also, de facto, a code word for "not psychodynamic."

Training a therapist in a treatment model does not make them more effective, however well the model performs in a trial.

  1. Scott D. Miller Founder of the International Center for Clinical… Over the last 50 years, treatment methods have proliferated despite a lack of evidence of differential effectiveness between approaches. And even when a randomized controlled trial indicates a particular approach works, none show practitioners become more effective when they are trained in that modality. How to (and not to) become a more effective therapistwritings.scottdmiller.com · 2 Jul 2024
    Over the last 50 years, treatment methods have proliferated despite a lack of evidence of differential effectiveness between approaches. And even when a randomized controlled trial indicates a particular approach works, none show practitioners become more effective when they are trained in that modality.

What does make a therapist more effective is trainable interpersonal skill, not treatment technology.

The therapeutic alliance

  1. Scott D. Miller Founder of the International Center for Clinical… It turns out that therapists who perform well on the FIS establish stronger relationships and are more effective (2). More to the point, the evidence shows FIS-related skills are trainable and that such training leads to better results (3, 4, 5). How to (and not to) become a more effective therapistwritings.scottdmiller.com · 2 Jul 2024
    It turns out that therapists who perform well on the FIS establish stronger relationships and are more effective (2). More to the point, the evidence shows FIS-related skills are trainable and that such training leads to better results (3, 4, 5).

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