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Dan Wang

Dan Wang

@dan-wang · 41 positions · 1 change of mind · On ppll ↗

Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry, for years based in Beijing and Shanghai, best known for his annual letters and for the argument that manufacturing capability lives in accumulated process knowledge rather than in tools or intellectual property.

Dan Wang did not write this page.

We collected these quotes from things they published elsewhere, and every quote links to where it was said. They have no account here and have not endorsed this site. Quotes are word for word; the short line under each one is our own restatement, not their wording. Their own site. Is this you? Claim it or ask us to remove it. Or tell us what is wrong here.

The ideas Dan Wang's claims keep coming back to. The labels are ours; every quote is Dan Wang's own words.

Holds now (7)

How these views changed over time2020–2026
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2020 4 views
2021 4 quiet
2022 +1 new · 1 back
2023 +2 new · 1 back · 2 quiet
2024 2 back · 1 quiet
2025 3 quiet
2026 1 back · 1 quiet

Each column is a stretch of time in which the same views came up; a new column starts when one appears or goes quiet. Quiet means nothing on it in our sources for that stretch, which is not the same as a change of mind; Dropped means they said they no longer hold it; tap the card for which claim and when. Revised means the view carries on but one of its claims was dropped. Each row is one view, in the same place all the way along. The number is how many claims in that stretch; we hold 11 in 2020, 0 in 2021, 6 in 2022, 10 in 2023, 10 in 2024, 3 in 2025, 3 in 2026.

Technology lives in the practice of making things; it is path-dependent and is forgotten when practice stops

Our label. 4 claims in Dan Wang's own words.

Process knowledge — the experience of actually making things — matters more than tools or blueprints.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry I believe that the hard-to-measure process knowledge is more important than the more easily observable tools and IP. 2019 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2020All korrents from this piece
    I believe that the hard-to-measure process knowledge is more important than the more easily observable tools and IP.

Technological capability has to be practised to be kept: a country that stops making something forgets how.

Everything decays without maintenance

  1. Molson Hart Manufacturer and founder of Viahart The people who knew how to build and repair molds have either passed away or are long retired. America Underestimates the Difficulty of Bringing Manufacturing Backmolsonhart.com · 6 Apr 2025All korrents from this piece
    The people who knew how to build and repair molds have either passed away or are long retired.
  2. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry We should think of technology as a living product, which has to be practiced for knowledge even to be maintained at its current level. 2019 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2020All korrents from this piece
    We should think of technology as a living product, which has to be practiced for knowledge even to be maintained at its current level.

The skills America picked up while becoming an industrial power are what set it up for a century of technological leadership.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry The skills US workers learned in the process of becoming an industrial giant helped set the US up for technological leadership over the rest of the century. 2019 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2020All korrents from this piece
    The skills US workers learned in the process of becoming an industrial giant helped set the US up for technological leadership over the rest of the century.

Know-how goes with the workers who make things, so nobody keeps a technology to themselves for long

Our label. 4 claims in Dan Wang's own words.

Western firms that kept the high-value work at home are betting the workforce they trained cannot absorb the technology, and that bet has already lost several times.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry That bet has failed at least in technologies that include high-speed rail, shipbuilding, and telecommunications equipment. 2019 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2020All korrents from this piece
    That bet has failed at least in technologies that include high-speed rail, shipbuilding, and telecommunications equipment.

Assembling other people's products was never mere assembly: it trained the engineers who now drive the marginal innovation in hardware.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry First, even if most of the workforce learns little, a few thousand line engineers become the world’s greatest experts in electronics assembly. 2019 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2020All korrents from this piece
    First, even if most of the workforce learns little, a few thousand line engineers become the world’s greatest experts in electronics assembly.

Because Chinese workers make most of the world's goods, they accumulate more of the world's technological learning than anyone else.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry Today, Chinese workers produce most of the world’s goods, which means that they engage more than anyone else in the technological learning process. 2019 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2020All korrents from this piece
    Today, Chinese workers produce most of the world’s goods, which means that they engage more than anyone else in the technological learning process.

Doing the science does not win the industry; manufacturing next to research does

Our label. 3 claims in Dan Wang's own words.

Doing the science first does not win the industry: America laid the scientific groundwork for solar and Chinese firms ended up making the cells.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry Consider the solar industry, for which the US laid the scientific groundwork, only for Chinese firms to make all the photovoltaic cells. 2022 letterdanwang.co · 4 Mar 2023All korrents from this piece
    Consider the solar industry, for which the US laid the scientific groundwork, only for Chinese firms to make all the photovoltaic cells.

China's technological competitiveness is grounded in manufacturing capability rather than in scientific research.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry Whereas the US has a track record of doing great science, China’s technology competitiveness is grounded in manufacturing capabilities. 2022 letterdanwang.co · 4 Mar 2023All korrents from this piece
    Whereas the US has a track record of doing great science, China’s technology competitiveness is grounded in manufacturing capabilities.

Putting research and manufacturing in the same place shortens the loop in which industrial knowledge circulates.

Feedback loops

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry These hubs allow for tight connections between R&D and manufacturing, shortening the circulation of knowledge in a production loop. 2019 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2020All korrents from this piece
    These hubs allow for tight connections between R&D and manufacturing, shortening the circulation of knowledge in a production loop.

China's technological success is now the rule, and the West keeps underestimating it

Our label. 7 claims in Dan Wang's own words.

China will substantially close its strategic technology gaps, including in chips and aviation.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry So I continue to hold the view that China will mostly patch up its strategic deficiencies, including in chips and aviation. China notes, July ’23: on technological momentumdanwang.co · 18 Jul 2023All korrents from this piece
    So I continue to hold the view that China will mostly patch up its strategic deficiencies, including in chips and aviation.

China trails the United States in AI capability, but only by a small margin rather than years.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry On AI, China is behind the US, but not by years. There's no question that American reasoning models are more sophisticated than the likes of DeepSeek and Qwen. But the Chinese efforts are doggedly in pursuit, sometimes a bit closer to US models, sometimes a bit further. 2025 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2026All korrents from this piece
    On AI, China is behind the US, but not by years. There's no question that American reasoning models are more sophisticated than the likes of DeepSeek and Qwen. But the Chinese efforts are doggedly in pursuit, sometimes a bit closer to US models, sometimes a bit further.

The West's biggest blindspot is repeatedly underestimating China's speed and capabilities.

  1. Pieter Levels Dutch bootstrapper who builds and runs his internet startups alone The West's biggest blindspot is repeatedly underestimating China's speed and capabilities The West's biggest blindspot is repeatedly underestimating China's speed and capabilitieslevels.io · 29 Jul 2026
    The West's biggest blindspot is repeatedly underestimating China's speed and capabilities
  2. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry I worry however that one of America’s superpowers is to spin up yarns to reduce the urgency for action. 2023 letterdanwang.co · 23 Jan 2024All korrents from this piece
    I worry however that one of America’s superpowers is to spin up yarns to reduce the urgency for action.

China will remain the world's largest manufacturer for many years yet, whatever production moves to India and Vietnam.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry Though companies are relocating production to India and Vietnam, China is going to remain the world’s largest manufacturer for many more years to come. 2023 letterdanwang.co · 23 Jan 2024All korrents from this piece
    Though companies are relocating production to India and Vietnam, China is going to remain the world’s largest manufacturer for many more years to come.

China will not fade away, so America has to reform itself for a protracted contest with a peer competitor.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry It is that China will not fade away, meaning that America must reform itself for a protracted contest with a peer competitor. 2023 letterdanwang.co · 23 Jan 2024All korrents from this piece
    It is that China will not fade away, meaning that America must reform itself for a protracted contest with a peer competitor.

Most of China's economy may be dysfunctional, but the small part that works spectacularly well is what threatens American interests.

Power laws

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry While 50 percent of China’s economy might be dysfunctional, the 5 percent that’s going spectacularly well is pretty dangerous to American interests. 2023 letterdanwang.co · 23 Jan 2024All korrents from this piece
    While 50 percent of China’s economy might be dysfunctional, the 5 percent that’s going spectacularly well is pretty dangerous to American interests.

The Chinese state's problem is too much capacity, wielded by an autocracy that often worsens what it diagnoses

Our label. 5 claims in Dan Wang's own words.

The Chinese state's famous capability is largely spent putting out fires it started itself.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry First, it increasingly resembles a crew of firefighters who bring extraordinary skill to dousing fires that they themselves ignited. 2022 letterdanwang.co · 4 Mar 2023All korrents from this piece
    First, it increasingly resembles a crew of firefighters who bring extraordinary skill to dousing fires that they themselves ignited.

The Chinese state today is an autocratic regime occasionally capable of economic pragmatism, not a technocratic regime that occasionally lapses into Marxism.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry And on balance I believe we should think of the Chinese state today as an autocratic regime that is occasionally capable of economic pragmatism rather than a technocratic regime that slips occasionally into Marxist faults. 2022 letterdanwang.co · 4 Mar 2023All korrents from this piece
    And on balance I believe we should think of the Chinese state today as an autocratic regime that is occasionally capable of economic pragmatism rather than a technocratic regime that slips occasionally into Marxist faults.

Xi Jinping is mostly right about the problems he identifies, and his government's brute-force solutions reliably make them worse.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry The trouble with Xi Jinping is that he is 60 percent correct on all the problems he sees, while his government’s brute force solutions reliably worsen things. 2023 letterdanwang.co · 23 Jan 2024All korrents from this piece
    The trouble with Xi Jinping is that he is 60 percent correct on all the problems he sees, while his government’s brute force solutions reliably worsen things.

America has lost the ability to build: a lawyerly vetocracy tuned for efficiency and the well-connected

Our label. 6 claims in Dan Wang's own words.

The dominance of lawyers in the American elite has turned the United States into a litigious vetocracy.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry The dominance of lawyers in the American elite has helped transmute the United States into a litigious vetocracy. Breakneck: China’s Quest to Engineer the Futuredanwang.co · 25 Jul 2025All korrents from this piece
    The dominance of lawyers in the American elite has helped transmute the United States into a litigious vetocracy.

China is an engineering state that solves problems by building and acting, while the United States is a lawyerly society whose legal system mostly blocks action, for good and bad.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry China is an engineering state, which brings a sledgehammer to problems both physical and social, in contrast with America's lawyerly society, which brings a gavel to block almost everything, good and bad. Breakneck: China’s Quest to Engineer the Futuredanwang.co · 25 Jul 2025All korrents from this piece
    China is an engineering state, which brings a sledgehammer to problems both physical and social, in contrast with America's lawyerly society, which brings a gavel to block almost everything, good and bad.

America treats its inability to build and to admit skilled migrants as mysteries to be endured rather than problems to be solved.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry So it feels to me that the US is treating its deficiencies — an inability to build stuff or create a functional system for admitting high-skilled migrants — as mysteries to be endured rather than problems to be solved. 2023 letterdanwang.co · 23 Jan 2024All korrents from this piece
    So it feels to me that the US is treating its deficiencies — an inability to build stuff or create a functional system for admitting high-skilled migrants — as mysteries to be endured rather than problems to be solved.

America's pursuit of efficiency left it with neither the factories to make more goods nor the logistics to import them.

Margin of safety

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry The US focus on efficiency has revealed the brittleness of its economy, which has neither the manufacturing capability to scale up domestic production of goods nor the logistics capacity to handle greater imports. 2021 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2022All korrents from this piece
    The US focus on efficiency has revealed the brittleness of its economy, which has neither the manufacturing capability to scale up domestic production of goods nor the logistics capacity to handle greater imports.

American shipbuilding capacity has collapsed to a rounding error beside China's.

  1. Brian Potter Structural engineer and writer The U.S. Navy estimates that China’s shipbuilding capacity is 232 times our own. Why Can't the U.S. Build Ships?construction-physics.com · 5 Sept 2024All korrents from this piece
    The U.S. Navy estimates that China’s shipbuilding capacity is 232 times our own.
  2. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry China built half of the world’s ships (by gross tonnage) in 2022, while the US had 0.2 percent of capacity: in practice, this meant that while China builds hundreds of new ships a year, the US builds three to five. 2023 letterdanwang.co · 23 Jan 2024All korrents from this piece
    China built half of the world’s ships (by gross tonnage) in 2022, while the US had 0.2 percent of capacity: in practice, this meant that while China builds hundreds of new ships a year, the US builds three to five.

A country cannot remain a great power if its system serves mainly the wealthy and well-connected.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry America cannot remain a great power if it is so committed to a system that works well mostly for the wealthy and well-connected. Breakneck: China’s Quest to Engineer the Futuredanwang.co · 25 Jul 2025All korrents from this piece
    America cannot remain a great power if it is so committed to a system that works well mostly for the wealthy and well-connected.

Beijing deliberately chose making things over finance and consumer internet, and that built its lead

Our label. 4 claims in Dan Wang's own words.

Consumer internet is not the highest form of technology, and treating it as such pulls talent away from the industries that matter more.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry I find it bizarre that the world has decided that consumer internet is the highest form of technology. 2019 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2020All korrents from this piece
    I find it bizarre that the world has decided that consumer internet is the highest form of technology.

Beijing deliberately rejects comparative advantage and targets a high level of manufacturing output for its own sake.

Specialise and trade

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry The leadership is targeting a high level of manufacturing output, rejecting the notion of comparative advantage. 2021 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2022All korrents from this piece
    The leadership is targeting a high level of manufacturing output, rejecting the notion of comparative advantage.

China's industrial lead was manufactured by deliberate state industrial policy rather than by market forces alone.

  1. Adam Tooze Economic historian, Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis… What China is delivering in the 2020s is an industrial policy shock of global scale. Chartbook 462: China shocked - beyond 1.0 and 2.0 to the "Big One".adamtooze.substack.com · 29 Jul 2026All korrents from this piece
    What China is delivering in the 2020s is an industrial policy shock of global scale.
  2. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry The foundations of China’s success in EVs were built a decade ago, when the state decided to bet on batteries, and then bought up a lot of the mines for these metals. 2023 letterdanwang.co · 23 Jan 2024All korrents from this piece
    The foundations of China’s success in EVs were built a decade ago, when the state decided to bet on batteries, and then bought up a lot of the mines for these metals.

Beijing diagnosed the dangers of financialization earlier than the United States did.

  1. Dan Wang Writer and analyst of Chinese technology and industry Beijing diagnosed the problems with financialization earlier than the US, where the problem is now endemic. 2021 letterdanwang.co · 1 Jan 2022All korrents from this piece
    Beijing diagnosed the problems with financialization earlier than the US, where the problem is now endemic.