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No, South Korea Was Not Poorer Than Kenya in 1960

Oliver Kim · 21 Jan 2025 · global-developments.org

8 korrents from this piece · 1 of them a turn

Oliver Kim did not write this page.

Every claim below was made in this piece, quoted word for word and numbered in the order the piece makes them, so you can read it there rather than take our word for it. The sentence above each quote is our reading of the claim, not their wording. Each quote was checked against a stored copy of the page at build time; where the two differ, the quote is the fact.

  1. At independence, South Korea and Taiwan had far higher rates of primary education than most of Sub-Saharan Africa.
  2. Catch-up growth in the 20th century was almost entirely state-led.
  3. The Japanese empire reached far deeper into its colonies than any European empire ever did in Sub-Saharan Africa.
  4. The fact remains that without a stock of capable administrators, industrial policy and export targeting and infrastructure-building—or even Adam Smith’s minimum of “peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice”—are a nonstarter.
  5. Precisely how much the ancient continuity of East Asian states matters for development is still a little murky, and the delineation with colonial legacies is still an area of active debate—but the balance of evidence suggests that the legacies of these pre-colonial states stretched through the colonial period, extending even into the post-independence era.
  6. The relative absence of pre-colonial states meant that the newly independent African states were largely European inventions; modern Kenya, for instance, inherits the boundaries of British East Africa, which was created by pulling together the Kikuyu, Luo, Luhya, Kalenjin, and Kamba ethnic groups.
  7. African states formed where it was rational to do so, in places like the Ethiopian highlands where population density was high and the disease burden was relatively low.
  8. Having fallen into the East Asia - Africa Trap before, I can tell you precisely why so many people make this mistake.
    The author, of course, was me, in a coauthored paper with Jen Kuan Wang on Taiwan’s 1950s land reform. Mea culpa! We’ve since revised it.