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← People and their mental models

Hannah Ritchie's mental models

5 claims Hannah Ritchie made fit 3 mental models. Most often: Second-order thinking, Trade-offs, Bottlenecks. Everything they said here.

Models we see in what they say

Our reading: their claim applies the idea without naming it. The claim is theirs; filing it here is ours.

Second-order thinking

Ask "and then what?": follow a decision past its first effect to the ones that come after.

Used by 86 others

Tariffs on Chinese clean energy reduce the total number of clean-energy jobs, because most of those jobs are in deployment rather than manufacturing.

  1. Hannah Ritchie Data scientist at Our World in Data and author of Not the End of the World That’s because most clean energy jobs are in deployment and maintenance rather than manufacturing, and since higher costs slow down the rollout of renewables, increasing prices reduces the total number of people working in clean energy (even if the number working in manufacturing increases). Why are solar panels and batteries from China so cheap?sustainabilitybynumbers.com · 15 May 2025All korrents from this piece
    That’s because most clean energy jobs are in deployment and maintenance rather than manufacturing, and since higher costs slow down the rollout of renewables, increasing prices reduces the total number of people working in clean energy (even if the number working in manufacturing increases).

Biofuels have probably raised greenhouse gas emissions rather than lowered them, once the land they take is counted.

  1. Hannah Ritchie Data scientist at Our World in Data and author of Not the End of the World They estimate that biofuels have increased emissions, not decreased them. Biofuels: the US could switch to electric cars and solar power on just a fraction of the landhannahritchie.substack.com · 5 Sept 2023All korrents from this piece
    They estimate that biofuels have increased emissions, not decreased them.

Trade-offs

Every choice gives something up, so name the cost; and check, because some trade-offs everyone assumes are not real.

Used by 60 others

Breaking the trade-off between prosperity and the environment is an opportunity rather than something that will happen on its own.

  1. Hannah Ritchie Data scientist at Our World in Data and author of Not the End of the World Here, I always emphasise that it is an opportunity, not an inevitability. There’s no law that says this will happen. Can we break the human development-environment trade-off?sustainabilitybynumbers.com · 9 Dec 2025All korrents from this piece
    Here, I always emphasise that it is an opportunity, not an inevitability. There’s no law that says this will happen.

Cheap clean energy has broken the old trade-off between raising living standards and cutting environmental harm.

  1. Hannah Ritchie Data scientist at Our World in Data and author of Not the End of the World The rapid drop in renewable energy costs in the last decade (alongside huge improvements in battery technologies) has started to break this deadlock. Can we break the human development-environment trade-off?sustainabilitybynumbers.com · 9 Dec 2025All korrents from this piece
    The rapid drop in renewable energy costs in the last decade (alongside huge improvements in battery technologies) has started to break this deadlock.

Bottlenecks

A system moves only as fast as its narrowest point; speed up anything else and nothing changes.

Used by 88 others

Vertical farming swaps a land problem for an energy problem, and the energy cost is what stops it feeding the world.

  1. Hannah Ritchie Data scientist at Our World in Data and author of Not the End of the World What stands in the way is energy demand. Growing crops indoors is energy-intensive. So we’re really swapping a land problem for an energy one. Vertical farming: a local solution for greens, but not feeding the world any time soonhannahritchie.substack.com · 5 Dec 2024All korrents from this piece
    What stands in the way is energy demand. Growing crops indoors is energy-intensive. So we’re really swapping a land problem for an energy one.