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Superlinear Returns

Paul Graham · 1 Oct 2023 · paulgraham.com

7 korrents from this piece

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Every claim below was made in this piece, quoted word for word and numbered in the order the piece makes them, so you can read it there rather than take our word for it. The sentence above each quote is our reading of the claim, not their wording. Each quote was checked against a stored copy of the page at build time; where the two differ, the quote is the fact.

  1. Returns for performance are superlinear rather than proportional across most domains that matter.

    One of the most important things I didn't understand about the world when I was a child is the degree to which the returns for performance are superlinear.
  2. Superlinear returns are a feature of the world rather than an artifact of capitalism, and the same pattern runs through fame, power, knowledge and benefit to humanity.

    But superlinear returns for performance are a feature of the world, not an artifact of rules we've invented. We see the same pattern in fame, power, military victories, knowledge, and even benefit to humanity. In all of these, the rich get richer.
  3. Every situation with superlinear returns reduces to one of two causes: exponential growth or thresholds.

    It may seem as if there are a lot of different situations with superlinear returns, but as far as I can tell they reduce to two fundamental causes: exponential growth and thresholds.
  4. Always be learning, because work that is not teaching you is probably not on a path that leads to superlinear returns.

    Which yields another heuristic: always be learning. If you're not learning, you're probably not on a path that leads to superlinear returns.
  5. Exposing yourself to superlinear returns is not for everyone: most people are better off as part of the pool.

    Exposing oneself to superlinear returns is not for everyone. Most people will be better off as part of the pool.
  6. At the far end of the curve it is a bargain not only to do exceptional work but merely to attempt it, because so few people even try.

    At the far end of the curve, incremental effort is a bargain. All the more so because there's less competition at the far end — and not just for the obvious reason that it's hard to do something exceptionally well, but also because people find the prospect so intimidating that few even try.
  7. Superlinear returns imply inequality, and the steeper the return curve the greater the variation in outcomes.

    Superlinear returns imply inequality. The steeper the return curve, the greater the variation in outcomes.