Comparing workflows is useful now, because the field will eventually converge around better practices, though none are known yet.

optimism Expecting things to go well: whether it is what gets things built, or a bias that forecasts keep paying for.

design How things should be made and judged: what makes a design good, who should do the designing, and what an interface is for.

innovation Where new things come from and how they spread: invention against diffusion, and being near the factory floor.