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Thomas Robert Malthus

Thomas Robert Malthus

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English economist and cleric (1766 to 1834); author of An Essay on the Principle of Population.

Thomas Robert Malthus did not write this page.

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  1. Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio. Subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  2. No fancied equality, no agrarian regulations in their utmost extent, could remove the pressure of it even for a single century.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  3. Consequently, if the premises are just, the argument is conclusive against the perfectibility of the mass of mankind.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  4. But though the rich by unfair combinations contribute frequently to prolong a season of distress among the poor, yet no possible form of society could prevent the almost constant action of misery upon a great part of mankind, if in a state of inequality, and upon all, if all were equal.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  5. happiness

    The effects, indeed, of these restraints upon marriage are but too conspicuous in the consequent vices that are produced in almost every part of the world, vices that are continually involving both sexes in inextricable unhappiness.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  6. They may be said therefore in some measure to create the poor which they maintain, and as the provisions of the country must, in consequence of the increased population, be distributed to every man in smaller proportions, it is evident that the labour of those who are not supported by parish assistance will purchase a smaller quantity of provisions than before and consequently more of them must be driven to ask for support.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  7. Hard as it may appear in individual instances, dependent poverty ought to be held disgraceful.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  8. A labourer who marries without being able to support a family may in some respects be considered as an enemy to all his fellow-labourers.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  9. happiness

    The evil is perhaps gone too far to be remedied, but I feel little doubt in my own mind that if the poor laws had never existed, though there might have been a few more instances of very severe distress, yet that the aggregate mass of happiness among the common people would have been much greater than it is at present.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  10. All these checks may be fairly resolved into misery and vice.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  11. An event at such a distance might fairly be left to providence, but the truth is that if the view of the argument given in this Essay be just the difficulty, so far from being remote, would be imminent and immediate.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  12. The error does not seem to lie in supposing a small degree of improvement possible, but in not discriminating between a small improvement, the limit of which is undefined, and an improvement really unlimited.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  13. But the truth is, that though human institutions appear to be the obvious and obtrusive causes of much mischief to mankind, yet in reality they are light and superficial, they are mere feathers that float on the surface, in comparison with those deeper seated causes of impurity that corrupt the springs and render turbid the whole stream of human life.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  14. If then we were to take the period of doubling at fifteen years, instead of twenty-five years, and reflect upon the labour necessary to double the produce in so short a time, even if we allow it possible, we may venture to pronounce with certainty that if Mr Godwin's system of society was established in its utmost perfection, instead of myriads of centuries, not thirty years could elapse before its utter destruction from the simple principle of population.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  15. A truth may be brought home to his conviction as a rational being, though he may determine to act contrary to it, as a compound being.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  16. I should be inclined, therefore, as I have hinted before, to consider the world and this life as the mighty process of God, not for the trial, but for the creation and formation of mind, a process necessary to awaken inert, chaotic matter into spirit, to sublimate the dust of the earth into soul, to elicit an ethereal spark from the clod of clay.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  17. The general tendency of an uniform course of prosperity is rather to degrade than exalt the character.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  18. It seems highly probable that moral evil is absolutely necessary to the production of moral excellence.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book

  19. Evil exists in the world not to create despair but activity. We are not patiently to submit to it, but to exert ourselves to avoid it.

    ↗An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798, first edition)gutenberg.org All 19 from this book