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Epistemic Humility and the Pessimistic Meta-Induction of Science

Samuel Arbesman · 29 Sept 2026

The piece opens with

Since every past era of science was partly wrong, we should recognise we may be too; science is always in draft

Therefore, according to the pessimistic meta-induction of science, we should recognize that we might be in the same situation. Science is forever in draft form.

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Samuel Arbesman did not write this page.

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  1. Therefore, according to the pessimistic meta-induction of science, we should recognize that we might be in the same situation. Science is forever in draft form.
  2. Of course, this doesn’t therefore mean that everything we know is going to be swept away and that our knowledge is forever entirely uncertain. We are asymptotically approaching the truth.

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